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- .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
- AX25-AE350
- ==========
- AE350 is the mainline SoC produced by Andes Technology using AX25 CPU core
- base on RISC-V architecture.
- AE350 has integrated both AHB and APB bus and many periphals for application
- and product development.
- AX25-AE350 is the SoC with AE350 hardcore CPU.
- AX25 is Andes CPU IP to adopt RISC-V architecture.
- AX25 Features
- -------------
- CPU Core
- - 5-stage in-order execution pipeline
- - Hardware Multiplier
- - radix-2/radix-4/radix-16/radix-256/fast
- - Hardware Divider
- - Optional branch prediction
- - Machine mode and optional user mode
- - Optional performance monitoring
- ISA
- - RV64I base integer instructions
- - RVC for 16-bit compressed instructions
- - RVM for multiplication and division instructions
- Memory subsystem
- - I & D local memory
- - Size: 4KB to 16MB
- - Memory subsyetem soft-error protection
- - Protection scheme: parity-checking or error-checking-and-correction (ECC)
- - Automatic hardware error correction
- Bus
- - Interface Protocol
- - Synchronous AHB (32-bit/64-bit data-width), or
- - Synchronous AXI4 (64-bit data-width)
- Power management
- - Wait for interrupt (WFI) mode
- Debug
- - Configurable number of breakpoints: 2/4/8
- - External Debug Module
- - AHB slave port
- - External JTAG debug transport module
- Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)
- - AHB slave port
- - Configurable number of interrupts: 1-1023
- - Configurable number of interrupt priorities: 3/7/15/63/127/255
- - Configurable number of targets: 1-16
- - Preempted interrupt priority stack
- Build and boot steps
- --------------------
- Build:
- 1. Prepare the toolchains and make sure the $PATH to toolchains is correct.
- 2. Use `make ae350_rv[32|64]_defconfig` in u-boot root to build the image for
- 32 or 64 bit.
- Verification:
- 1. startup
- 2. relocation
- 3. timer driver
- 4. uart driver
- 5. mac driver
- 6. mmc driver
- 7. spi driver
- Steps
- -----
- 1. Ping a server by mac driver
- 2. Scan sd card and copy u-boot image which is booted from flash to ram by sd driver
- 3. Burn this u-boot image to spi rom by spi driver
- 4. Re-boot u-boot from spi flash with power off and power on
- Messages of U-Boot boot on AE350 board
- --------------------------------------
- .. code-block:: none
- U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00033-g824f89a (Dec 21 2017 - 16:51:26 +0800)
- DRAM: 1 GiB
- MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
- SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
- In: serial@f0300000
- Out: serial@f0300000
- Err: serial@f0300000
- Net:
- Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - be:dd:d7:e4:e8:10
- eth0: mac@e0100000
- RISC-V # version
- U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00033-gb265b91-dirty (Dec 22 2017 - 13:54:21 +0800)
- riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 7.2.0
- GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.29
- RISC-V # setenv ipaddr 10.0.4.200 ;
- RISC-V # setenv serverip 10.0.4.97 ;
- RISC-V # ping 10.0.4.97 ;
- Using mac@e0100000 device
- host 10.0.4.97 is alive
- RISC-V # mmc rescan
- RISC-V # fatls mmc 0:1
- 318907 u-boot-ae350-64.bin
- 1252 hello_world_ae350_32.bin
- 328787 u-boot-ae350-32.bin
- 3 file(s), 0 dir(s)
- RISC-V # sf probe 0:0 50000000 0
- SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
- RISC-V # sf test 0x100000 0x1000
- SPI flash test:
- 0 erase: 36 ticks, 111 KiB/s 0.888 Mbps
- 1 check: 29 ticks, 137 KiB/s 1.096 Mbps
- 2 write: 40 ticks, 100 KiB/s 0.800 Mbps
- 3 read: 20 ticks, 200 KiB/s 1.600 Mbps
- Test passed
- 0 erase: 36 ticks, 111 KiB/s 0.888 Mbps
- 1 check: 29 ticks, 137 KiB/s 1.096 Mbps
- 2 write: 40 ticks, 100 KiB/s 0.800 Mbps
- 3 read: 20 ticks, 200 KiB/s 1.600 Mbps
- RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:1 0x600000 u-boot-ae350-32.bin
- reading u-boot-ae350-32.bin
- 328787 bytes read in 324 ms (990.2 KiB/s)
- RISC-V # sf erase 0x0 0x51000
- SF: 331776 bytes @ 0x0 Erased: OK
- RISC-V # sf write 0x600000 0x0 0x50453
- device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x50453
- SF: 328787 bytes @ 0x0 Written: OK
- RISC-V # crc32 0x600000 0x50453
- crc32 for 00600000 ... 00650452 ==> 692dc44a
- RISC-V # crc32 0x80000000 0x50453
- crc32 for 80000000 ... 80050452 ==> 692dc44a
- RISC-V #
- *** power-off and power-on, this U-Boot is booted from spi flash ***
- U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00032-gf67dd47-dirty (Dec 21 2017 - 13:56:03 +0800)
- DRAM: 1 GiB
- MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
- SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
- In: serial@f0300000
- Out: serial@f0300000
- Err: serial@f0300000
- Net:
- Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - ee:4c:58:29:32:f5
- eth0: mac@e0100000
- RISC-V #
- Boot bbl and riscv-linux via U-Boot on QEMU
- -------------------------------------------
- 1. Build riscv-linux
- 2. Build bbl and riscv-linux with --with-payload
- 3. Prepare ae350.dtb
- 4. Creating OS-kernel images
- .. code-block:: none
- ./mkimage -A riscv -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x0000 -e 0x0000 -d bbl.bin bootmImage-bbl.bin
- Image Name:
- Created: Tue Mar 13 10:06:42 2018
- Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
- Data Size: 17901204 Bytes = 17481.64 KiB = 17.07 MiB
- Load Address: 00000000
- Entry Point: 00000000
- 5. Copy bootmImage-bbl.bin and ae350.dtb to qemu sd card image
- 6. Message of booting riscv-linux from bbl via u-boot on qemu
- .. code-block:: none
- U-Boot 2018.03-rc4-00031-g2631273 (Mar 13 2018 - 15:02:55 +0800)
- DRAM: 1 GiB
- main-loop: WARNING: I/O thread spun for 1000 iterations
- MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
- Loading Environment from SPI Flash... *** Warning - spi_flash_probe_bus_cs() failed, using default environment
- Failed (-22)
- In: serial@f0300000
- Out: serial@f0300000
- Err: serial@f0300000
- Net:
- Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - 02:00:00:00:00:00
- eth0: mac@e0100000
- RISC-V # mmc rescan
- RISC-V # mmc part
- Partition Map for MMC device 0 -- Partition Type: DOS
- Part Start Sector Num Sectors UUID Type
- RISC-V # fatls mmc 0:0
- 17901268 bootmImage-bbl.bin
- 1954 ae2xx.dtb
- 2 file(s), 0 dir(s)
- RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:0 0x00600000 bootmImage-bbl.bin
- 17901268 bytes read in 4642 ms (3.7 MiB/s)
- RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:0 0x2000000 ae350.dtb
- 1954 bytes read in 1 ms (1.9 MiB/s)
- RISC-V # setenv bootm_size 0x2000000
- RISC-V # setenv fdt_high 0x1f00000
- RISC-V # bootm 0x00600000 - 0x2000000
- ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00600000 ...
- Image Name:
- Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
- Data Size: 17901204 Bytes = 17.1 MiB
- Load Address: 00000000
- Entry Point: 00000000
- Verifying Checksum ... OK
- ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 02000000
- Booting using the fdt blob at 0x2000000
- Loading Kernel Image ... OK
- Loading Device Tree to 0000000001efc000, end 0000000001eff7a1 ... OK
- [ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x0 - 0x200000
- [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.14.0-00046-gf3e439f-dirty (rick@atcsqa06) (gcc version 7.1.1 20170509 (GCC)) #1 Tue Jan 9 16:34:25 CST 2018
- [ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
- [ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0xffffffe000016a98 (12267008 bytes)
- [ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
- [ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
- [ 0.000000] Normal empty
- [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
- [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
- [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
- [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
- [ 0.000000] elf_hwcap is 0x112d
- [ 0.000000] random: fast init done
- [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 516615
- [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,38400n8 earlyprintk=uart8250-32bit,0xf0300000 debug loglevel=7
- [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
- [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
- [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
- [ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
- [ 0.000000] Memory: 2047832K/2095104K available (1856K kernel code, 204K rwdata, 532K rodata, 12076K init, 756K bss, 47272K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
- [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
- [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
- [ 0.000000] riscv,cpu_intc,0: 64 local interrupts mapped
- [ 0.000000] riscv,plic0,e4000000: mapped 31 interrupts to 1/2 handlers
- [ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x24e6a1710, max_idle_ns: 440795202120 ns
- [ 0.000000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 20.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=40000)
- [ 0.000000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
- [ 0.004000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
- [ 0.004000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
- [ 0.056000] devtmpfs: initialized
- [ 0.060000] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
- [ 0.064000] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
- [ 0.068000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
- [ 0.080000] vgaarb: loaded
- [ 0.084000] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
- [ 0.088000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
- [ 0.092000] TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
- [ 0.096000] TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
- [ 0.096000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
- [ 0.100000] UDP hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
- [ 0.100000] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
- [ 0.104000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
- [ 0.616000] Unpacking initramfs...
- [ 1.220000] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=19 bucket_order=0
- [ 1.244000] io scheduler noop registered
- [ 1.244000] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
- [ 1.244000] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
- [ 1.248000] io scheduler kyber registered
- [ 1.360000] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
- [ 1.368000] console [ttyS0] disabled
- [ 1.372000] f0300000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0300020 (irq = 10, base_baud = 1228800) is a 16550A
- [ 1.392000] console [ttyS0] enabled
- [ 1.392000] ftmac100: Loading version 0.2 ...
- [ 1.396000] ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: irq 8, mapped at ffffffd002005000
- [ 1.400000] ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: generated random MAC address 6e:ac:c3:92:36:c0
- [ 1.404000] IR NEC protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.404000] IR RC5(x/sz) protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.404000] IR RC6 protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.404000] IR JVC protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.408000] IR Sony protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.408000] IR SANYO protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.408000] IR Sharp protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.408000] IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.412000] IR XMP protocol handler initialized
- [ 1.456000] ftsdc010 f0e00000.mmc: mmc0 - using hw SDIO IRQ
- [ 1.464000] bootconsole [early0] uses init memory and must be disabled even before the real one is ready
- [ 1.464000] bootconsole [early0] disabled
- [ 1.508000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 12076K
- [ 1.512000] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
- [ 1.520000] mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
- [ 1.524000] mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 20.0 MiB
- [ 1.844000] mmcblk0:
- Wed Dec 1 10:00:00 CST 2010
- / #
- Running U-Boot SPL
- ------------------
- The U-Boot SPL will boot in M mode and load the FIT image which include
- OpenSBI and U-Boot proper images. After loading progress, it will jump
- to OpenSBI first and then U-Boot proper which will run in S mode.
- How to build U-Boot SPL
- -----------------------
- Before building U-Boot SPL, OpenSBI must be build first. OpenSBI can be
- cloned and build for AE350 as below:
- .. code-block:: none
- git clone https://github.com/riscv/opensbi.git
- cd opensbi
- make PLATFORM=andes/ae350
- Copy OpenSBI FW_DYNAMIC image (build/platform/andes/ae350/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin)
- into U-Boot root directory
- How to build U-Boot SPL booting from RAM
- ----------------------------------------
- With ae350_rv[32|64]_spl_defconfigs:
- U-Boot SPL will be loaded by gdb or FSBL and runs in RAM in machine mode
- and then load FIT image from RAM device on AE350.
- How to build U-Boot SPL booting from ROM
- ----------------------------------------
- With ae350_rv[32|64]_spl_xip_defconfigs:
- U-Boot SPL can be burned into SPI flash and run in flash in machine mode
- and then load FIT image from SPI flash or MMC device on AE350.
- Messages of U-Boot SPL boots Kernel on AE350 board
- --------------------------------------------------
- .. code-block:: none
- U-Boot SPL 2020.01-rc1-00292-g67a3313-dirty (Nov 14 2019 - 11:26:21 +0800)
- Trying to boot from RAM
- OpenSBI v0.5-1-gdd8ef28 (Nov 14 2019 11:08:39)
- ____ _____ ____ _____
- / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
- | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
- | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
- | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
- \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
- | |
- |_|
- Platform Name : Andes AE350
- Platform HART Features : RV64ACIMSUX
- Platform Max HARTs : 4
- Current Hart : 0
- Firmware Base : 0x0
- Firmware Size : 84 KB
- Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
- PMP0: 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000001ffff (A)
- PMP1: 0x0000000000000000-0x00000001ffffffff (A,R,W,X)
- U-Boot 2020.01-rc1-00292-g67a3313-dirty (Nov 14 2019 - 11:26:21 +0800)
- DRAM: 1 GiB
- Flash: 64 MiB
- MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
- Loading Environment from SPI Flash... SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
- OK
- In: serial@f0300000
- Out: serial@f0300000
- Err: serial@f0300000
- Net: no alias for ethernet0
- Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - a2:ae:93:7b:cc:8f
- eth0: mac@e0100000
- Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
- 6455 bytes read in 31 ms (203.1 KiB/s)
- 20421684 bytes read in 8647 ms (2.3 MiB/s)
- ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00600000 ...
- Image Name:
- Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
- Data Size: 20421620 Bytes = 19.5 MiB
- Load Address: 00200000
- Entry Point: 00200000
- Verifying Checksum ... OK
- ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 20000000
- Booting using the fdt blob at 0x20000000
- Loading Kernel Image
- Loading Device Tree to 000000001effb000, end 000000001efff936 ... OK
- Starting kernel ...
- OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x0 - 0x200000
- Linux version 4.17.0-00253-g49136e10bcb2 (sqa@atcsqa07) (gcc version 7.3.0 (2019-04-06_nds64le-linux-glibc-v5_experimental)) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Apr 6 23:41:49 CST 2019
- bootconsole [early0] enabled
- Initial ramdisk at: 0x (ptrval) (13665712 bytes)
- Zone ranges:
- DMA32 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
- Normal empty
- Movable zone start for each node
- Early memory node ranges
- node 0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
- Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
- software IO TLB [mem 0x3b1f8000-0x3f1f8000] (64MB) mapped at [ (ptrval)- (ptrval)]
- elf_platform is rv64i2p0m2p0a2p0c2p0xv5-0p0
- compatible privileged spec version 1.10
- percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu @ (ptrval) s28184 r8192 d29160 u65536
- Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
- Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,38400n8 debug loglevel=7
- log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
- log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
- log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
- log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
- early log buf free: 14608(89%)
- Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
- Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
- Sorting __ex_table...
- Memory: 944428K/1046528K available (3979K kernel code, 246K rwdata, 1490K rodata, 13523K init, 688K bss, 102100K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
- SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
- Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
- Tasks RCU enabled.
- NR_IRQS: 72, nr_irqs: 72, preallocated irqs: 0
- riscv,cpu_intc,0: 64 local interrupts mapped
- riscv,cpu_intc,1: 64 local interrupts mapped
- riscv,cpu_intc,2: 64 local interrupts mapped
- riscv,cpu_intc,3: 64 local interrupts mapped
- riscv,plic0,e4000000: mapped 71 interrupts to 8/8 handlers
- clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1bacf917bf, max_idle_ns: 881590412290 ns
- sched_clock: 64 bits at 60MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511098ns
- Console: colour dummy device 40x30
- Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 120.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=600000)
- pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
- Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
- Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
- Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
- smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
- CPU0: online
- CPU2: online
- CPU3: online
- smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
- devtmpfs: initialized
- random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0x198/0x1d8 with crng_init=0
- clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
- futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
- NET: Registered protocol family 16
- Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
- clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
- NET: Registered protocol family 2
- tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
- TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
- TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
- TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
- UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
- UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
- NET: Registered protocol family 1
- RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
- RPC: Registered udp transport module.
- RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
- RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
- Unpacking initramfs...
- workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
- NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
- Key type id_resolver registered
- Key type id_legacy registered
- nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
- io scheduler noop registered
- io scheduler cfq registered (default)
- io scheduler mq-deadline registered
- io scheduler kyber registered
- Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x30
- Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
- console [ttyS0] disabled
- f0300000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0300020 (irq = 20, base_baud = 1228800) is a 16550A
- console [ttyS0] enabled
- console [ttyS0] enabled
- bootconsole [early0] disabled
- bootconsole [early0] disabled
- loop: module loaded
- tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
- ftmac100: Loading version 0.2 ...
- ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: irq 21, mapped at (ptrval)
- ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: generated random MAC address 4e:fd:bd:f3:04:fc
- ftsdc010 f0e00000.mmc: mmc0 - using hw SDIO IRQ
- mmc0: new SDHC card at address d555
- ftssp010 card registered!
- mmcblk0: mmc0:d555 SD04G 3.79 GiB
- NET: Registered protocol family 10
- mmcblk0: p1
- Segment Routing with IPv6
- sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
- NET: Registered protocol family 17
- NET: Registered protocol family 15
- ALSA device list:
- #0: ftssp_ac97 controller
- Freeing unused kernel memory: 13520K
- This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
- Sysinit starting
- Sat Apr 6 23:33:53 CST 2019
- nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...
- ~ #
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