Changes 11 KB

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  1. Intro
  2. =====
  3. This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
  4. software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief
  5. instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
  6. trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
  7. kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
  8. additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
  9. here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
  10. functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
  11. This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
  12. and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
  13. Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
  14. 'net).
  15. Current Minimal Requirements
  16. ============================
  17. Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
  18. encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
  19. running, the suggested command should tell you.
  20. Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
  21. functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
  22. necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN
  23. hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
  24. isdn4k-utils.
  25. o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
  26. o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
  27. o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
  28. o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
  29. o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
  30. o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs
  31. o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
  32. o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
  33. o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
  34. o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
  35. o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
  36. o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
  37. o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
  38. o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
  39. o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
  40. o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
  41. o udev 081 # udevinfo -V
  42. Kernel compilation
  43. ==================
  44. GCC
  45. ---
  46. The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
  47. computer.
  48. Make
  49. ----
  50. You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
  51. Binutils
  52. --------
  53. Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
  54. assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
  55. your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
  56. release of binutils.
  57. System utilities
  58. ================
  59. Architectural changes
  60. ---------------------
  61. DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
  62. (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
  63. 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
  64. Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
  65. documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
  66. definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
  67. SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
  68. files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
  69. HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
  70. DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
  71. well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
  72. Util-linux
  73. ----------
  74. New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
  75. support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
  76. types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
  77. You'll probably want to upgrade.
  78. Ksymoops
  79. --------
  80. If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
  81. ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
  82. In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with
  83. CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is
  84. (this also produces better output than ksymoops).
  85. If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and
  86. you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then
  87. you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops.
  88. Module-Init-Tools
  89. -----------------
  90. A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
  91. to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
  92. Mkinitrd
  93. --------
  94. These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
  95. mkinitrd be upgraded.
  96. E2fsprogs
  97. ---------
  98. The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
  99. debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
  100. JFSutils
  101. --------
  102. The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
  103. The following utilities are available:
  104. o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
  105. and repair a JFS formatted partition.
  106. o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
  107. o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
  108. Reiserfsprogs
  109. -------------
  110. The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
  111. (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
  112. versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
  113. reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
  114. Xfsprogs
  115. --------
  116. The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
  117. xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
  118. architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
  119. work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
  120. later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
  121. PCMCIAutils
  122. -----------
  123. PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
  124. PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
  125. for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
  126. subsystem is used.
  127. Pcmcia-cs
  128. ---------
  129. PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
  130. kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
  131. for newest kernels.
  132. Quota-tools
  133. -----------
  134. Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
  135. the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
  136. newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
  137. from the table above.
  138. Intel IA32 microcode
  139. --------------------
  140. A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
  141. accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
  142. udev you may need to:
  143. mkdir /dev/cpu
  144. mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
  145. chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
  146. as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
  147. get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
  148. Powertweak
  149. ----------
  150. If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
  151. version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
  152. with programs using shared memory.
  153. udev
  154. ----
  155. udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
  156. only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
  157. functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
  158. devices.
  159. FUSE
  160. ----
  161. Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
  162. options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
  163. Networking
  164. ==========
  165. General changes
  166. ---------------
  167. If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
  168. consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
  169. Packet Filter / NAT
  170. -------------------
  171. The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
  172. kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
  173. for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
  174. PPP
  175. ---
  176. The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
  177. enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
  178. upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
  179. If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
  180. which can be made by:
  181. mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
  182. as root.
  183. Isdn4k-utils
  184. ------------
  185. Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
  186. needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
  187. NFS-utils
  188. ---------
  189. In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
  190. client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
  191. information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
  192. mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
  193. would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
  194. This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
  195. which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
  196. fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
  197. getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
  198. With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
  199. gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
  200. export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
  201. rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
  202. active clients.
  203. To enable this new functionality, you need to:
  204. mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
  205. before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
  206. services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
  207. that is possible.
  208. Getting updated software
  209. ========================
  210. Kernel compilation
  211. ******************
  212. gcc
  213. ---
  214. o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
  215. Make
  216. ----
  217. o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
  218. Binutils
  219. --------
  220. o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
  221. System utilities
  222. ****************
  223. Util-linux
  224. ----------
  225. o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
  226. Ksymoops
  227. --------
  228. o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
  229. Module-Init-Tools
  230. -----------------
  231. o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
  232. Mkinitrd
  233. --------
  234. o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
  235. E2fsprogs
  236. ---------
  237. o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
  238. JFSutils
  239. --------
  240. o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
  241. Reiserfsprogs
  242. -------------
  243. o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
  244. Xfsprogs
  245. --------
  246. o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/>
  247. Pcmciautils
  248. -----------
  249. o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
  250. Pcmcia-cs
  251. ---------
  252. o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
  253. Quota-tools
  254. ----------
  255. o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
  256. DocBook Stylesheets
  257. -------------------
  258. o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
  259. XMLTO XSLT Frontend
  260. -------------------
  261. o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
  262. Intel P6 microcode
  263. ------------------
  264. o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
  265. Powertweak
  266. ----------
  267. o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
  268. udev
  269. ----
  270. o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
  271. FUSE
  272. ----
  273. o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
  274. Networking
  275. **********
  276. PPP
  277. ---
  278. o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
  279. Isdn4k-utils
  280. ------------
  281. o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
  282. NFS-utils
  283. ---------
  284. o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
  285. Iptables
  286. --------
  287. o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
  288. Ip-route2
  289. ---------
  290. o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
  291. OProfile
  292. --------
  293. o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
  294. NFS-Utils
  295. ---------
  296. o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>