app.exam.nr 6.7 KB

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  1. .bp
  2. .AP "AN EXAMPLE PROGRAM"
  3. .PP
  4. .na
  5. .ta 4n 8n 12n 16n 20n
  6. .nf
  7. 1 program example(output);
  8. 2 {This program just demonstrates typical EM code.}
  9. 3 type rec = record r1: integer; r2:real; r3: boolean end;
  10. 4 var mi: integer; mx:real; r:rec;
  11. 5
  12. 6 function sum(a,b:integer):integer;
  13. 7 begin
  14. 8 sum := a + b
  15. 9 end;
  16. 10
  17. 11 procedure test(var r: rec);
  18. 12 label 1;
  19. 13 var i,j: integer;
  20. 14 x,y: real;
  21. 15 b: boolean;
  22. 16 c: char;
  23. 17 a: array[1..100] of integer;
  24. 18
  25. 19 begin
  26. 20 j := 1;
  27. 21 i := 3 * j + 6;
  28. 22 x := 4.8;
  29. 23 y := x/0.5;
  30. 24 b := true;
  31. 25 c := 'z';
  32. 26 for i:= 1 to 100 do a[i] := i * i;
  33. 27 r.r1 := j+27;
  34. 28 r.r3 := b;
  35. 29 r.r2 := x+y;
  36. 30 i := sum(r.r1, a[j]);
  37. 31 while i > 0 do begin j := j + r.r1; i := i - 1 end;
  38. 32 with r do begin r3 := b; r2 := x+y; r1 := 0 end;
  39. 33 goto 1;
  40. 34 1: writeln(j, i:6, x:9:3, b)
  41. 35 end; {test}
  42. 36 begin {main program}
  43. 37 mx := 15.96;
  44. 38 mi := 99;
  45. 39 test(r)
  46. 40 end.
  47. .fi
  48. .ad
  49. .bp
  50. The EM code as produced by the Pascal-VU compiler is given below. Comments
  51. have been added manually. Note that this code has already been optimized.
  52. .LP
  53. .na
  54. .nf
  55. .ta 1n 24n
  56. mes 2,2,2 ; wordsize 2, pointersize 2
  57. \&.1
  58. rom 't.p\e000' ; the name of the source file
  59. hol 552,\-32768,0 ; externals and buf occupy 552 bytes
  60. exp $sum ; sum can be called from other modules
  61. pro $sum,2 ; procedure sum ; 2 bytes local storage
  62. lin 8 ; code from source line 8
  63. ldl 0 ; load two locals ( a and b )
  64. adi 2 ; add them
  65. ret 2 ; return the result
  66. end 2 ; end of procedure ( still two bytes local storage )
  67. \&.2
  68. rom 1,99,2 ; descriptor of array a[]
  69. exp $test ; the compiler exports all level 0 procedures
  70. pro $test,226 ; procedure test, 226 bytes local storage
  71. \&.3
  72. rom 4.8F8 ; assemble Floating point 4.8 (8 bytes) in
  73. \&.4 ; global storage
  74. rom 0.5F8 ; same for 0.5
  75. mes 3,\-226,2,2 ; compiler temporary not referenced by address
  76. mes 3,\-24,2,0 ; the same is true for i, j, b and c in test
  77. mes 3,\-22,2,0
  78. mes 3,\-4,2,0
  79. mes 3,\-2,2,0
  80. mes 3,\-20,8,0 ; and for x and y
  81. mes 3,\-12,8,0
  82. lin 20 ; maintain source line number
  83. loc 1
  84. stl \-4 ; j := 1
  85. lni ; lin 21 prior to optimization
  86. lol \-4
  87. loc 3
  88. mli 2
  89. loc 6
  90. adi 2
  91. stl \-2 ; i := 3 * j + 6
  92. lni ; lin 22 prior to optimization
  93. lae .3
  94. loi 8
  95. lal \-12
  96. sti 8 ; x := 4.8
  97. lni ; lin 23 prior to optimization
  98. lal \-12
  99. loi 8
  100. lae .4
  101. loi 8
  102. dvf 8
  103. lal \-20
  104. sti 8 ; y := x / 0.5
  105. lni ; lin 24 prior to optimization
  106. loc 1
  107. stl \-22 ; b := true
  108. lni ; lin 25 prior to optimization
  109. loc 122
  110. stl \-24 ; c := 'z'
  111. lni ; lin 26 prior to optimization
  112. loc 1
  113. stl \-2 ; for i:= 1
  114. 2
  115. lol \-2
  116. dup 2
  117. mli 2 ; i*i
  118. lal \-224
  119. lol \-2
  120. lae .2
  121. sar 2 ; a[i] :=
  122. lol \-2
  123. loc 100
  124. beq *3 ; to 100 do
  125. inl \-2 ; increment i and loop
  126. bra *2
  127. 3
  128. lin 27
  129. lol \-4
  130. loc 27
  131. adi 2 ; j + 27
  132. sil 0 ; r.r1 :=
  133. lni ; lin 28 prior to optimization
  134. lol \-22 ; b
  135. lol 0
  136. stf 10 ; r.r3 :=
  137. lni ; lin 29 prior to optimization
  138. lal \-20
  139. loi 16
  140. adf 8 ; x + y
  141. lol 0
  142. adp 2
  143. sti 8 ; r.r2 :=
  144. lni ; lin 30 prior to optimization
  145. lal \-224
  146. lol \-4
  147. lae .2
  148. lar 2 ; a[j]
  149. lil 0 ; r.r1
  150. cal $sum ; call now
  151. asp 4 ; remove parameters from stack
  152. lfr 2 ; get function result
  153. stl \-2 ; i :=
  154. 4
  155. lin 31
  156. lol \-2
  157. zle *5 ; while i > 0 do
  158. lol \-4
  159. lil 0
  160. adi 2
  161. stl \-4 ; j := j + r.r1
  162. del \-2 ; i := i - 1
  163. bra *4 ; loop
  164. 5
  165. lin 32
  166. lol 0
  167. stl \-226 ; make copy of address of r
  168. lol \-22
  169. lol \-226
  170. stf 10 ; r3 := b
  171. lal \-20
  172. loi 16
  173. adf 8
  174. lol \-226
  175. adp 2
  176. sti 8 ; r2 := x + y
  177. loc 0
  178. sil \-226 ; r1 := 0
  179. lin 34 ; note the absence of the unnecessary jump
  180. lae 22 ; address of output structure
  181. lol \-4
  182. cal $_wri ; write integer with default width
  183. asp 4 ; pop parameters
  184. lae 22
  185. lol \-2
  186. loc 6
  187. cal $_wsi ; write integer width 6
  188. asp 6
  189. lae 22
  190. lal \-12
  191. loi 8
  192. loc 9
  193. loc 3
  194. cal $_wrf ; write fixed format real, width 9, precision 3
  195. asp 14
  196. lae 22
  197. lol \-22
  198. cal $_wrb ; write boolean, default width
  199. asp 4
  200. lae 22
  201. cal $_wln ; writeln
  202. asp 2
  203. ret 0 ; return, no result
  204. end 226
  205. exp $_main
  206. pro $_main,0 ; main program
  207. \&.6
  208. con 2,\-1,22 ; description of external files
  209. \&.5
  210. rom 15.96F8
  211. fil .1 ; maintain source file name
  212. lae .6 ; description of external files
  213. lae 0 ; base of hol area to relocate buffer addresses
  214. cal $_ini ; initialize files, etc...
  215. asp 4
  216. lin 37
  217. lae .5
  218. loi 8
  219. lae 2
  220. sti 8 ; mx := 15.96
  221. lni ; lin 38 prior to optimization
  222. loc 99
  223. ste 0 ; mi := 99
  224. lni ; lin 39 prior to optimization
  225. lae 10 ; address of r
  226. cal $test
  227. asp 2
  228. loc 0 ; normal exit
  229. cal $_hlt ; cleanup and finish
  230. asp 2
  231. end 0
  232. mes 5 ; reals were used
  233. .fi
  234. .ad
  235. .PP
  236. The compact code corresponding to the above program is listed below.
  237. Read it horizontally, line by line, not column by column.
  238. Each number represents a byte of compact code, printed in decimal.
  239. The first two bytes form the magic word.
  240. .LP
  241. .Dr 33
  242. 173 0 159 122 122 122 255 242 1 161 250 124 116 46 112 0
  243. 255 156 245 40 2 245 0 128 120 155 249 123 115 117 109 160
  244. 249 123 115 117 109 122 67 128 63 120 3 122 88 122 152 122
  245. 242 2 161 121 219 122 255 155 249 124 116 101 115 116 160 249
  246. 124 116 101 115 116 245 226 0 242 3 161 253 128 123 52 46
  247. 56 255 242 4 161 253 128 123 48 46 53 255 159 123 245 30
  248. 255 122 122 255 159 123 96 122 120 255 159 123 98 122 120 255
  249. 159 123 116 122 120 255 159 123 118 122 120 255 159 123 100 128
  250. 120 255 159 123 108 128 120 255 67 140 69 121 113 116 68 73
  251. 116 69 123 81 122 69 126 3 122 113 118 68 57 242 3 72
  252. 128 58 108 112 128 68 58 108 72 128 57 242 4 72 128 44
  253. 128 58 100 112 128 68 69 121 113 98 68 69 245 122 0 113
  254. 96 68 69 121 113 118 182 73 118 42 122 81 122 58 245 32
  255. 255 73 118 57 242 2 94 122 73 118 69 220 10 123 54 118
  256. 18 122 183 67 147 73 116 69 147 3 122 104 120 68 73 98
  257. 73 120 111 130 68 58 100 72 136 2 128 73 120 4 122 112
  258. 128 68 58 245 32 255 73 116 57 242 2 59 122 65 120 20
  259. 249 123 115 117 109 8 124 64 122 113 118 184 67 151 73 118
  260. 128 125 73 116 65 120 3 122 113 116 41 118 18 124 185 67
  261. 152 73 120 113 245 30 255 73 98 73 245 30 255 111 130 58
  262. 100 72 136 2 128 73 245 30 255 4 122 112 128 69 120 104
  263. 245 30 255 67 154 57 142 73 116 20 249 124 95 119 114 105
  264. 8 124 57 142 73 118 69 126 20 249 124 95 119 115 105 8
  265. 126 57 142 58 108 72 128 69 129 69 123 20 249 124 95 119
  266. 114 102 8 134 57 142 73 98 20 249 124 95 119 114 98 8
  267. 124 57 142 20 249 124 95 119 108 110 8 122 88 120 152 245
  268. 226 0 155 249 125 95 109 97 105 110 160 249 125 95 109 97
  269. 105 110 120 242 6 151 122 119 142 255 242 5 161 253 128 125
  270. 49 53 46 57 54 255 50 242 1 57 242 6 57 120 20 249
  271. 124 95 105 110 105 8 124 67 157 57 242 5 72 128 57 122
  272. 112 128 68 69 219 110 120 68 57 130 20 249 124 116 101 115
  273. 116 8 122 69 120 20 249 124 95 104 108 116 8 122 152 120
  274. 159 124 160 255 159 125 255
  275. .De